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"Super-efficiency and Stock Market Valuation: Evidence from Listed Banks in China (2006 to 2023)"
This study examines the relationship between bank efficiency and stock market valuation using an unbalanced panel dataset of 42 listed Chinese banks from 2006 to 2023.

1. Research Objectives

• Analyze the relationship between bank efficiency and stock market valuation in China.

• Use the Super-SBM-UND-VRS model, which treats non-performing loans as an undesired output, to measure efficiency.

• Compare the results of Super-SBM-UND-VRS with other efficiency models such as Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) and traditional DEA.

• Investigate whether ownership concentration impacts bank valuation and how interest rate liberalization affects bank performance.

2. Research Methodology

• Collected annual reports from 42 listed banks in China (2006-2023).

• Applied Super-SBM-UND-VRS, SFA, and DEA models to evaluate bank efficiency.

• Used Tobin’s Q as a measure of stock market valuation.

• Conducted panel regression analysis to assess the relationship between efficiency scores and valuation.

3. Key Findings

1) Efficiency is more strongly correlated with market valuation than profitability (ROA):

Banks with higher efficiency scores tend to have higher stock market valuations, even more than banks with high ROA. This suggests that investors prioritize operational efficiency over traditional profitability metrics.

2) Super-SBM-UND-VRS is more effective than SFA and DEA:

The Super-SBM-UND-VRS model better identifies inefficient banks and provides a more precise measurement of the efficiency-valuation relationship.

3) Lower ownership concentration improves bank valuation:

Banks with more dispersed ownership structures tend to have higher market valuations. This suggests that corporate governance improvements from diversified ownership enhance investor confidence.

4) Interest rate liberalization negatively impacts bank valuation:

Deregulated interest rates increase competition, reducing bank profitability and leading to lower stock valuations.

Conclusion

This study confirms that bank efficiency is a more critical factor than profitability (ROA) in determining stock market valuation.
It also highlights the Super-SBM-UND-VRS model as a superior tool for assessing bank efficiency.
Additionally, ownership dispersion enhances valuation, while interest rate liberalization poses a challenge for banks.
These findings offer valuable insights for investors, regulators, and bank executives in shaping governance and risk management strategies.

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